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      <h1 class="article-title">未成年人如何远离不良传媒内容：怎么做才有效</h1>
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        <div class="article-meta"><time datetime="2026-11-16T00:43:31+08:00">2026-11-16 00:43:31</time>　来源：<a href="/css/2026111634776-879077.css">人民网</a>　作者：张雅琴</div>
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        <div class="news-con" itemprop="articleBody"><p>未成年人如何避开有害的网络作品，关键不只是少看手机，而是让孩子能识别风险、及时退出，并在家庭、学校和平台的共同支持下获得安全的媒介环境。短视频、直播、社交动态、网络社区和游戏里的文字图片，都可能出现暴力、色情暗示、欺凌、极端言论或诱导消费等风险。保护既要减少这些作品触达孩子，也要帮助他们学会判断和求助。</p>

<h2>先看清风险怎样进入日常</h2>
<p>有害作品未必总以明显、完整的形式出现。一个看似普通的推荐视频，可能通过标题、封面或评论区引导孩子点开更刺激的片段；陌生账号也可能借兴趣话题套取年龄、学校、住址等隐私资料。连续播放和个性化推荐会放大单一兴趣，使孩子不知不觉地反复看到相似作品。群聊里的羞辱、恶意起哄和未经同意传播照片，则可能把线上围观变成持续的心理压力。</p>
<p>判断风险时，不能只盯着某个词或某段画面，也要留意它造成的影响：是否鼓励伤害自己或他人，是否把欺凌包装成玩笑，是否诱导孩子私下联系陌生人、转账或发送隐私照片，是否让孩子感到恐惧、羞耻或被迫保密。偶然刷到一条可疑短片，不代表孩子已经陷入危险；若出现持续观看、秘密互动和情绪明显变化，就需要大人及时关注。</p>

<h2>家庭把沟通和边界放在前面</h2>
<p>家长可以和孩子一起约定使用设备的时间、地点和范围，例如睡前把手机放在卧室外，写作业时关闭娱乐推送，家庭用餐时不刷短视频。规则应当清楚、稳定，并说明原因，而不是临时没收设备或用羞辱、威胁来处理。年龄较小的孩子适合由家长陪同选择应用和观看作品；年龄较大的孩子则应参与制定规则，逐渐练习独立判断。</p>
<p>把“遇到什么都可以告诉我”变成具体承诺，比单纯禁止更有效。家长可以问：“如果一段视频让你不舒服，你会怎么做？”并和孩子约定先关闭播放、离开群聊，再找可信任的大人。发现孩子点开不适当的短片时，先了解是偶然刷到、同伴转发，还是有人主动联系，不急着责怪。平静的回应能减少孩子隐瞒，也让家长更容易判断下一步需要怎样的支持。</p>
<p>家长还可陪孩子检查账号隐私设置，限制陌生人私信、关闭不必要的定位和通讯录权限，减少公开展示学校、住址、行程等资料。对陌生人索要照片、要求保密、邀约线下见面或提出转账的情况，要明确告诉孩子：不回复、不提供、不单独赴约，并立即告知家长或其他可信任的大人。</p>

<h2>平台治理要减少有害作品触达</h2>
<p>平台的责任不应只靠用户自行避开。面向未成年人的产品需要把年龄适配、推荐管理和举报处置纳入日常运营：对明显违规的短片和帖子及时拦截或下架，降低争议作品被反复推送的概率；对评论、直播和私信中的骚扰、诱导及欺凌行为提供清晰的屏蔽与举报入口；为未成年人账号设置容易理解、方便找到的隐私控制和使用提醒。</p>
<p>举报后的处理过程也应让孩子看得明白。应用可以说明举报已提交、如何屏蔽相关账号，以及怎样减少继续收到同类推荐。对隐藏在缩写、谐音或暗示性图片里的风险，平台需要结合上下文识别，不能只拦截单个关键词。推荐系统则应允许用户减少某类作品，并避免把一次偶然停留当作持续兴趣。</p>

<h2>学校提供识别与求助支持</h2>
<p>学校的媒介素养教育可以从真实场景出发：辨认标题党与夸大宣传，讨论转发羞辱性图片会带来什么后果，演练收到陌生私信时如何拒绝并保存必要的账号和对话记录。课堂不必只强调“网络有危险”，还应教会学生区分事实与猜测、保护隐私资料、尊重他人边界，并知道遇到骚扰或威胁时可以向谁求助。</p>
<p>如果同学之间发生网络欺凌，教师应及时制止传播，分别了解当事人的处境，避免公开点名或让受害者独自承担后果。学校也可以明确班主任、心理老师等求助渠道，让学生知道，不会因为“自己先点开了”就失去被保护的资格。对于明显的恐吓、勒索或持续骚扰，应由监护人和学校共同处理，优先保障孩子的人身安全和情绪稳定。</p>

<h2>孩子遇到不适作品时的处理顺序</h2>
<p>第一步，停止观看或退出对话，不与发布者争辩，也不按对方要求继续发送资料。第二步，使用屏蔽、拉黑和举报功能；若涉及威胁、勒索或欺凌，可在不继续转发的前提下保存必要的账号资料和对话记录。第三步，尽快告诉家长、老师或其他可信任的大人，一起判断是否需要进一步处置。若孩子已经受到惊吓，应先安抚情绪，再讨论设备和账号设置，避免责备让他不敢再次求助。</p>

<h2>让保护成为长期协作</h2>
<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>参与者</th>
      <th>具体行动</th>
      <th>适用场景</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>孩子</td>
      <td>停止播放或回话，屏蔽账号，向可信任的大人求助</td>
      <td>遇到陌生人索要照片、群聊欺凌或令人不安的画面</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>家长</td>
      <td>平静倾听，检查私信与隐私权限，陪孩子举报并调整使用约定</td>
      <td>孩子主动求助、情绪变化或收到陌生人的私信</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>学校</td>
      <td>制止同学转发，分别了解情况，安排班主任或心理老师跟进</td>
      <td>发生群聊羞辱、持续骚扰或同伴欺凌</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>平台</td>
      <td>提供举报、屏蔽和减少同类推荐的功能，及时处置违规账号</td>
      <td>用户报告骚扰、诱导消费或有害短片反复出现</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p>未成年人远离有害传媒作品，不等于与网络隔绝。网络也承载学习、创作、兴趣交流和同伴联系。有效的保护，是让孩子拥有适龄的使用空间，同时知道哪些行为越过边界、怎样离开风险、遇到问题向谁求助。家庭用信任和明确规则托底，学校提供持续教育与支持，平台降低有害作品的传播机会，孩子则在实践中逐步形成判断力。各方把责任落实到具体场景，保护才不会停留在一句“少上网”。</p></div>
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